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Formalin inactivated junin virus: Immunogenicity and protection assays
Author(s) -
Videla Cristina,
Carballal Guadalupe,
Remorini Patricia,
Torre José La
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.1890290312
Subject(s) - virology , junin virus , immunogenicity , neutralizing antibody , antigen , virus , antigenicity , antibody , vero cell , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , humoral immunity , titer , infectivity , immunology , lymphocytic choriomeningitis , cd8
The aim of this study was to determine if Junin virus inactivated with formalin (FA) was immunogenic and able to elicit a protective response in the guinea pig. The XJ‐Clone 3 strain of Junin virus grown in Vero cells was exposed to FA at 0°C. The following inactivated antigens were prepared: A 1 , 0.1% FA for 50 hr; A 2 , 0.1% FA for 50 hr followed by concentration with polyethylene glycol (PEG); B 1 , 0.05% FA for 70 hr; B 2 , 0.05% FA for 70 hr plus PEG concentration; C, 0.1% FA for 50 hr followed by ultracentrifugation and purification by sucrose gradient. No residual infectivity was detected in any inactivated antigen either after two passages in newborn mice or by coculture with Vero cells. After immunization, high‐neutralizing and low‐immunofluorescent antibody titers were obtained in adult mice and guinea pigs, thus showing that antigenicity was preserved. However, in spite of the presence of neutralizing antibodies, guinea pigs gained no protection against challenge with the highly pathogenic XJ strain. These results suggest that antibody amount and/or quality may be inadequate; alternatively, mechanisms other than humoral immunity, such as cellular response, not elicited by inactivated antigens may be essential for protection against Junin virus.