Prevalence of GBV‐C infection among dental personnel

Healthcare workers who carry out exposure‐prone procedures are theoretically at increased risk of acquiring blood‐borne virus infections. GB virus C (GBV‐C) is a recently described blood‐borne virus that is related distantly to hepatitis C virus. The occupational risk of GBV‐C infection to healthcare workers is unknown. This study collected detailed occupational and personal risk data in parallel with a blood specimen, to establish the prevalence and determinants of GBV‐C infection among dental healthcare workers. The presence of GBV‐C antibodies was detected using commercially available ELISA; GBV‐C RNA was detected by nested PCR using primers from the conserved 5′ noncoding region. The overall prevalence of GBV‐C antibodies among the study population was 11.1% (98/880, 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1–13.4%) and 4.6% were positive for GBV‐C RNA (46/879, 95% CI, 2.5–5.1%), resulting in a cumulative prevalence of 15.7%. These figures are similar to those described in other populations. There was no significant difference in lifetime exposure to GBV‐C between dentists (17.7%) and dental nurses/hygienists (14.3%). Significantly more dental nurses/hygienists aged 16–30 years had been exposed to GBV‐C compared to dentists of the same age (χ 2  = 13.75; P  < 0.001). Conversely, significantly more dentists 46 years or older had evidence of exposure to GBV‐C compared to dental nurses/hygienists (χ 2  = 6.79; P  = 0.009). The high prevalence of GBV‐C infection did not seem to be related to past parenteral exposure, and the data suggest that sexual transmission, rather than occupational transmission, was a more important route for GBV‐C infection among this population. J. Med. Virol. 70:150–155, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.