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Denoising of diffusion MRI improves peripheral nerve conspicuity and reproducibility
Author(s) -
Sneag Darryl B.,
Zochowski Kelly C.,
Tan Ek T.,
Queler Sophie C.,
Burge Alissa,
Endo Yoshimi,
Lin Bin,
Fung Maggie,
Shin Jaemin
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.26965
Subject(s) - medicine , reproducibility , nuclear medicine , tibial nerve , peripheral , common peroneal nerve , effective diffusion coefficient , intraclass correlation , coefficient of variation , diffusion mri , magnetic resonance imaging , mathematics , radiology , pathology , statistics , stimulation
Background Quantitative diffusion MRI is a promising technique for evaluating peripheral nerve integrity but low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) can impede measurement accuracy. Purpose To evaluate principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized spherical deconvolution (genSD) denoising techniques to improve within‐subject reproducibility and peripheral nerve conspicuity. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Seven healthy volunteers and three peripheral neuropathy patients. Field Strength/Sequence 3T/multiband single‐shot echo planar diffusion sequence using multishell 55‐direction scheme. Assessment Images were processed using four methods: "original" (no denoising), "average" (10 repetitions), "PCA‐only," and "PCA + genSD." Tibial and common peroneal nerve segmentations and masks were generated from volunteer diffusion data. Quantitative (SNR and contrast‐to‐noise ratio [CNR]) values were calculated. Three radiologists qualitatively evaluated nerve conspicuity for each method. The two denoising methods were also performed in three patients with peripheral neuropathies. Statistical Tests For healthy volunteers, calculations included SNR and CNR FA (computed using FA values). Coefficient of variation (CV%) of CNR FA quantified within‐subject reproducibility. Groups were compared with two‐sample t ‐tests (significance P < 0.05; two‐tailed, Bonferroni‐corrected). Odds ratios (ORs) quantified the relative rates of each of three radiologists confidently identifying a nerve, per slice, for the four methods. Results "PCA + genSD" yielded the highest SNR (mean overall = 14.83 ± 1.99) and tibial and common peroneal nerve CNR FA (mean tibial = 3.45, mean peroneal = 2.34) compared to "original" ( P SNR < 0.001; P CNR = 0.011) and "PCA‐only" ( P SNR < 0.001, P CNR < 0.001). "PCA + genSD" had higher within‐subject reproducibility (low CV%) for tibial (6.04 ± 1.98) and common peroneal nerves (8.27 ± 2.75) compared to "original" and "PCA‐only." The mean FA was higher for "original" than "average" ( P < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between "average" and "PCA + genSD" ( P = 0.14). "PCA + genSD" had higher tibial and common peroneal nerve conspicuity than "PCA‐only" (OR tibial = 2.50, P < 0.001; OR peroneal = 1.86, P < 0.001) and "original" (OR tibial = 2.73, P < 0.001; OR peroneal = 2.43, P < 0.001). Data Conclusion PCA + genSD denoising method improved SNR, CNR FA , and within‐subject reproducibility (CV%) without biasing FA and nerve conspicuity. This technique holds promise for facilitating more reliable, unbiased diffusion measurements of peripheral nerves. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1128–1137.