Premium
Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care
Author(s) -
Wang Yi,
Spincemaille Pascal,
Liu Zhe,
Dimov Alexey,
Deh Kofi,
Li Jianqi,
Zhang Yan,
Yao Yihao,
Gillen Kelly M.,
Wilman Alan H.,
Gupta Ajay,
Tsiouris Apostolos John,
Kovanlikaya Ilhami,
Chiang Gloria ChiaYi,
Weinsaft Jonathan W.,
Tanenbaum Lawrence,
Chen Weiwei,
Zhu Wenzhen,
Chang Shixin,
Lou Min,
Kopell Brian H.,
Kaplitt Michael G.,
Devos David,
Hirai Toshinori,
Huang Xuemei,
Korogi Yukunori,
Shtilbans Alexander,
Jahng GeonHo,
Pelletier Daniel,
Gauthier Susan A.,
Pitt David,
Bush Ashley I.,
Brittenham Gary M.,
Prince Martin R.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.25693
Subject(s) - quantitative susceptibility mapping , magnetic resonance imaging , medicine , gradient echo , clinical imaging , radiology
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes. Therefore, QSM can be used to assess important tissue functions and disease. To facilitate QSM clinical translation, this review aims to organize pertinent information for implementing a robust automated QSM technique in routine MRI practice and to summarize available knowledge on diseases for which QSM can be used to improve patient care. In brief, QSM can be generated with postprocessing whenever gradient echo MRI is performed. QSM can be useful for diseases that involve neurodegeneration, inflammation, hemorrhage, abnormal oxygen consumption, substantial alterations in highly paramagnetic cellular iron, bone mineralization, or pathologic calcification; and for all disorders in which MRI diagnosis or surveillance requires contrast agent injection. Clinicians may consider integrating QSM into their routine imaging practices by including gradient echo sequences in all relevant MRI protocols. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:951–971.