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Recent advances in 3D time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced MR angiography
Author(s) -
Riederer Stephen J.,
Haider Clifton R.,
Borisch Eric A.,
Weavers Paul T.,
Young Phillip M.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.24880
Subject(s) - contrast (vision) , image resolution , computer science , magnetic resonance angiography , resolution (logic) , temporal resolution , angiography , sampling (signal processing) , magnetic resonance imaging , data acquisition , nuclear magnetic resonance , medical physics , radiology , computer vision , artificial intelligence , physics , optics , medicine , filter (signal processing) , operating system
Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) was first introduced for clinical studies approximately 20 years ago. Early work provided 3–4 mm spatial resolution with acquisition times in the 30‐second range. Since that time there has been continuing effort to provide improved spatial resolution with reduced acquisition time, allowing high resolution 3D time‐resolved studies. The purpose of this work is to describe how this has been accomplished. Specific technical enablers have been: improved gradients allowing reduced repetition times, improved k ‐space sampling and reconstruction methods, parallel acquisition, particularly in two directions, and improved and higher count receiver coil arrays. These have collectively made high‐resolution time‐resolved studies readily available for many anatomic regions. Depending on the application, ∼1 mm isotropic resolution is now possible with frame times of several seconds. Clinical applications of time‐resolved CE‐MRA are briefly reviewed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:3–22. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.