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Mouse brain fixation to preserve In vivo manganese enhancement for ex vivo manganese‐enhanced MRI
Author(s) -
Liu Yutong,
Sajja Balasrinivasa R.,
Gendelman Howard E.,
Boska Michael D.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.24005
Subject(s) - ex vivo , in vivo , fixation (population genetics) , magnetic resonance imaging , biomedical engineering , manganese , materials science , chemistry , biology , medicine , radiology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , metallurgy , gene
Purpose To develop a tissue fixation method that preserves in vivo manganese enhancement for ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The needs are clear, as conventional in vivo manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) applied to live animals is time‐limited, hence limited in spatial resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Ex vivo applications can achieve superior spatial resolution and SNR through increased signal averaging and optimized radiofrequency coil designs. A tissue fixation method that preserves in vivo Mn 2+ enhancement postmortem is necessary for ex vivo MEMRI. Materials and Methods T 1 measurements and T 1 ‐weighted MRI were performed on MnCl 2 ‐administered mice. The mice were then euthanized and the brains were fixed using one of two brain tissue fixation methods: aldehyde solution or focused beam microwave irradiation (FBMI). MRI was then performed on the fixed brains. Results T 1 values and T 1 ‐weighted signal contrasts were comparable between in vivo and ex vivo scans on aldehyde‐fixed brains. FBMI resulted in the loss of Mn 2+ enhancement. Conclusion Aldehyde fixation, not FBMI, maintained in vivo manganese enhancement for ex vivo MEMRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:482–487. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.