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Complexity and synchronicity of resting state blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional MRI in normal aging and cognitive decline
Author(s) -
Liu Collin Y.,
Krishnan Anitha P.,
Yan Lirong,
Smith Robert X.,
Kilroy Emily,
Alger Jeffery R.,
Ringman John M.,
Wang Danny J.J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.23961
Subject(s) - approximate entropy , resting state fmri , precuneus , cardiology , psychology , functional magnetic resonance imaging , audiology , neuroscience , medicine , cognitive psychology , pattern recognition (psychology)
Purpose To explore the use of approximate entropy (ApEn) as an index of the complexity and the synchronicity of resting state blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in normal aging and cognitive decline associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). Materials and Methods Resting state BOLD fMRI data were acquired at 3T from two independent cohorts of subjects consisting of healthy young (age 23 ± 2 years, n = 8) and aged volunteers (age 66 ± 3 years, n = 8), as well as 22 fAD associated subjects (14 mutation carriers, age 41.2 ± 15.8 years; and eight nonmutation carrying family members, age 28.8 ± 5.9 years). Mean ApEn values were compared between the two age groups and correlated with cognitive performance in the fAD group. Cross‐ApEn (C‐ApEn) was further calculated to assess the asynchrony between precuneus and the rest of the brain. Results Complexity of brain activity measured by mean ApEn in gray and white matter decreased with normal aging. In the fAD group, cognitive impairment was associated with decreased mean ApEn in gray matter as well as decreased regional ApEn in right precuneus, right lateral parietal regions, left precentral gyrus, and right paracentral gyrus. A pattern of asynchrony between BOLD fMRI series emerged from C‐ApEn analysis, with significant regional anti‐correlation with cross‐correlation coefficient of functional connectivity analysis. Conclusion ApEn and C‐ApEn may be useful for assessing the complexity and synchronicity of brain activity in normal aging and cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:36–45. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.