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Neonatal neuroimaging findings in inborn errors of metabolism
Author(s) -
Poretti Andrea,
Blaser Susan I.,
Lequin Maarten H.,
Fatemi Ali,
Meoded Avner,
Northington Frances J.,
Boltshauser Eugen,
Huisman Thierry A.G.M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.23693
Subject(s) - neuroimaging , medicine , encephalopathy , neonatal encephalopathy , pediatrics , sepsis , intensive care medicine , metabolic disorder , differential diagnosis , hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy , neonatal sepsis , pathology , psychiatry
Individually, metabolic disorders are rare, but overall they account for a significant number of neonatal disorders affecting the central nervous system. The neonatal clinical manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are characterized by nonspecific systemic symptoms that may mimic more common acute neonatal disorders like sepsis, severe heart insufficiency, or neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy. Certain IEMs presenting in the neonatal period may also be complicated by sepsis and cardiomyopathy. Early diagnosis is mandatory to prevent death and permanent long‐term neurological impairments. Although neuroimaging findings are rarely specific, they play a key role in suggesting the correct diagnosis, limiting the differential diagnosis, and may consequently allow early initiation of targeted metabolic and genetic laboratory investigations and treatment. Neuroimaging may be especially helpful to distinguish metabolic disorders from other more common causes of neonatal encephalopathy, as a newborn may present with an IEM prior to the availability of the newborn screening results. It is therefore important that neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, and pediatric neuroradiologists are familiar with the neuroimaging findings of metabolic disorders presenting in the neonatal time period. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:294–312. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.