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Fundamentals of tracer kinetics for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Author(s) -
Koh Tong San,
Bisdas Sotirios,
Koh Dow Mu,
Thng Choon Hua
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.22795
Subject(s) - tracer , dynamic contrast enhanced mri , dynamic contrast , computer science , magnetic resonance imaging , dynamic imaging , impulse response , radiology , medicine , artificial intelligence , mathematics , physics , image processing , image (mathematics) , mathematical analysis , nuclear physics , digital image processing
Tracer kinetic methods employed for quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) share common roots with earlier tracer studies involving arterial‐venous sampling and other dynamic imaging modalities. This article reviews the essential foundation concepts and principles in tracer kinetics that are relevant to DCE MRI, including the notions of impulse response and convolution, which are central to the analysis of DCE MRI data. We further examine the formulation and solutions of various compartmental models frequently used in the literature. Topics of recent interest in the processing of DCE MRI data, such as the account of water exchange and the use of reference tissue methods to obviate the measurement of an arterial input, are also discussed. Although the primary focus of this review is on the tracer models and methods for T 1 ‐weighted DCE MRI, some of these concepts and methods are also applicable for analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced MRI data. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.