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Measurement of brain iron distribution in Hallevorden‐Spatz syndrome
Author(s) -
Szumowski Jerzy,
Bas Erhan,
Gaarder Kirsten,
Schwarz Erwin,
Erdogmus Deniz,
Hayflick Susan
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.22031
Subject(s) - globus pallidus , magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance , phase (matter) , relaxation (psychology) , chemistry , medicine , nuclear medicine , materials science , radiology , physics , basal ganglia , organic chemistry , central nervous system
Purpose: To investigate spatial distribution of iron accumulation in the globus pallidus (GP) in patients with Hallevorden‐Spatz syndrome (HSS) using phase imaging. We compared sensitivity of a phase imaging technique to relaxation rate measurement methods (R1,R2,R2*) for iron quantification. Materials and Methods: R1, R2, and R2* were measured in GP structure of the brain of eight pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) patients and a healthy volunteer using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The phase of gradient‐echo images was preprocessed to eliminate phase 2π wrapping and filtered to remove phase background variations. Phase gap across GP structure was used as a metric for iron effects quantification. Results: Among the relaxation rates the most sensitive to iron accumulation was the R2* rate. The R1 and R2 rates demonstrated only small variations in this group of subjects. Up to an order of magnitude phase gap changes were measured between one PKAN patient and an age‐matched healthy volunteer. Assuming that phase gap differences scale linearly with iron concentration we estimate that up to 2 mg Fe/g ww accumulates in GP of these patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate significantly higher sensitivity of the phase measurements for quantitative assessment of iron concentration compared to the relaxation rate measurements. Phase measurements could potentially be used for monitoring a progression and a response to therapy in PKAN. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010; 31: 482–489. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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