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Measurement of glutathione in normal volunteers and stroke patients at 3T using J‐difference spectroscopy with minimized subtraction errors
Author(s) -
An Li,
Zhang Yan,
Thomasson David M.,
Latour Lawrence L.,
Baker Eva H.,
Shen Jun,
Warach Steven
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.21832
Subject(s) - imaging phantom , glutathione , nuclear magnetic resonance , stroke (engine) , nuclear medicine , subtraction , spectroscopy , standard deviation , chemistry , biomedical engineering , materials science , medicine , physics , mathematics , statistics , arithmetic , quantum mechanics , thermodynamics , enzyme
Purpose To develop and optimize a 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method for measuring brain glutathione (GSH) levels. Materials and Methods Phantom experiments and density operator simulations were performed to determine the optimal TE for measuring GSH at 3T using J‐difference spectral editing. In vivo data collected from 11 normal volunteers (43 measurements) and five stroke patients (10 measurements) were processed using a new spectral alignment method (adaptive spectral registration). Results In phantom experiments and density operator simulations where relaxation effects were ignored, close to maximum GSH signal (2.95 ppm) was obtained at TE ≈ 131 msec with minimum N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) signal interference. Using adaptive spectral registration, GSH levels in healthy volunteers were found to be 1.20 ± 0.14 mM (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). GSH levels in stroke patients were found to be 1.19 ± 0.24 mM in lesion and 1.25 ± 0.19 mM in contralateral normal tissue. In comparison, the SDs were significantly larger when only the NAA singlet (2.01 ppm) was used as a navigator for spectral alignment. Conclusion Spectral editing using J‐differences is a reliable method for measuring GSH levels in volunteers and stroke patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:263–270. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.