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Dynamics of lateral ventricle and cerebrospinal fluid in normal and hydrocephalic brains
Author(s) -
Zhu David C.,
Xenos Michalis,
Linninger Andreas A.,
Penn Richard D.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.20679
Subject(s) - cerebrospinal fluid , choroid plexus , ventricle , blood flow , fourth ventricle , dynamics (music) , cardiac cycle , hydrocephalus , flow (mathematics) , fluid dynamics , anatomy , biomedical engineering , mechanics , physics , medicine , cardiology , radiology , acoustics , central nervous system
Purpose To develop quantitative MRI techniques to measure, model, and visualize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics in normal subjects and hydrocephalic patients. Materials and Methods Velocity information was obtained using time‐resolved (CINE) phase‐contrast imaging of different brain regions. A technique was developed to measure the change of lateral ventricle (LV) size. The temporal relationships between the LV size change, CSF movement, and blood flow could then be established. The data were incorporated into a first‐principle CSF hydrodynamic model. The model was then used to generate specific predictions about CSF pressure relationships. To better‐visualize the CSF flow, a color‐coding technique based on linear transformations was developed that represents the magnitude and direction of the velocity in a single cinematic view. Results The LV volume change of the eight normal subjects was 0.901 ± 0.406%. Counterintuitively, the LV decreases as the choroid plexus expands, so that they act together to produce the CSF oscillatory flow. The amount of oscillatory flow volume is 21.7 ± 10.6% of the volume change of the LV from its maximum to its minimum. Conclusion The quantification and visualization techniques, together with the mathematical model, provide a unique approach to understanding CSF flow dynamics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.