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Simultaneous gradient‐echo/spin‐echo EPI of graded ischemia in human skeletal muscle
Author(s) -
Donahue Kathleen M.,
Van Kylen Joel,
Guven Safak,
ElBershawi Ahmed,
Luh WenMing,
Bandettini Peter A.,
Cox Robert W.,
Hyde James S.,
Kissebah Ahmed H.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.1880080516
Subject(s) - reactive hyperemia , ischemia , skeletal muscle , perfusion , cuff , oxygenation , rectus femoris muscle , blood flow , magnetic resonance imaging , medicine , cardiology , anatomy , nuclear magnetic resonance , biomedical engineering , chemistry , radiology , surgery , physics , psychiatry , electromyography
The goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) methodologies to provide temporal and spatial information about skeletal muscle perfusion. A simultaneous gradient echo (GE) and spin‐echo (SE) imaging sequence (GE/SE) with alternating TE was used to acquire images of leg skeletal muscle throughout a stepped reactive hyperemia paradigm. The change in both the GE and SE relaxation rates (ΔR2*, ΔR2) measured during ischemia and reactive hyperemia scaled with the duration of cuff inflation (the ischemic period) plateaued for cuff inflations lasting longer than 120 seconds and were greater in soleus muscle than in gastrocnemius. The ratio ΔR2*/ΔR2 was found to be less during the reactive hyperemia period relative to ischemia. Considering that a greater proportion of capillary vessels are perfused during reactive hyperemia than during ischemia, this finding suggests that magnetic susceptibility methodologies, with their dependence on compartment size, may provide a measure of the relative distribution of small and large vessels in skeletal muscle.