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Imaging of diffusion and microcirculation with gradient sensitization: Design, strategy, and significance
Author(s) -
Le Bihan Denis,
Turner Robert,
Moonen Chrit T. W.,
Pekar James
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.1880010103
Subject(s) - gradient echo , magnetic resonance imaging , perfusion , echo planar imaging , diffusion imaging , diffusion , biomedical engineering , computer science , perfusion scanning , microcirculation , nuclear magnetic resonance , medicine , radiology , diffusion mri , physics , thermodynamics
Recent developments in the use of magnetic resonance (MR) to measure and image diffusion and blood microcirculation (“perfusion”) are summarized. After a brief description of the effects of diffusion and perfusion on the MR signal, the different methods (conventional spin‐echo, stimulated‐echo, gradient‐echo, and echo‐planar imaging) that have been proposed and used to image and measure diffusion and perfusion by gradient sensitization are presented, along with their advantages and limitations. The difficulties of diffusion/ perfusion imaging related to both hardware and software are then discussed. Special attention is given to specific problems encountered with in vivo studies and data analysis. Finally, the potential biologic and clinical applications are outlined, and some examples are presented.