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The need for phase‐encoding flow compensation in high‐resolution intracranial magnetic resonance angiography
Author(s) -
Parker Dennis L.,
Goodrich K. Craig,
Roberts John A.,
Chapman Brian E.,
Jeong EunKee,
Kim SeongEun,
Tsuruda Jay S.,
Katzman Gregory L.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of magnetic resonance imaging
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.563
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1522-2586
pISSN - 1053-1807
DOI - 10.1002/jmri.10322
Subject(s) - artifact (error) , pulsatile flow , encoding (memory) , distortion (music) , motion compensation , compensation (psychology) , computer science , phase (matter) , blood flow , circle of willis , biomedical engineering , radiology , computer vision , physics , artificial intelligence , medicine , amplifier , cardiology , telecommunications , psychology , bandwidth (computing) , quantum mechanics , psychoanalysis
Purpose To demonstrate that the time delay between phase and frequency encoding and the presence of pulsatile blood flow in high‐resolution time‐of‐flight (TOF) imaging of the intracranial arteries (especially near the circle of Willis) can distort the appearance of blood vessels and result in a cross‐hatch—appearing artifact in surrounding tissue. Materials and Methods Two techniques to reduce the artifact, tri‐directional flow compensation (3DFC) and elliptical‐centric (EC) phase‐encoding order, are investigated in five volunteer studies. Results 3DFC eliminates the pulsation‐related artifacts and the vessel distortion. A residual amplitude variation artifact is observed. EC phase encoding nearly eliminates the pulsatile motion‐related artifact, but it does not eliminate vessel distortion. Conclusion The combination of 3DFC and EC phase encoding appears to provide the greatest artifact reduction in the five volunteer studies performed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:121–127. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.