Preface

International conference on Applications of Fluid Dynamics (ICAFD 2016) was organized by Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, in association with Fluid Mechanics Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. ICAFD 2016 at IIT(ISM) Dhanbad was third in continuation following the first ICAFD 2012 in University of Botswana and second ICAFD 2014 in S.V. University, Tirupati. The aim of the conference was to provide a platform for academicians, experts, and researchers in various disciplines of mathematics and its allied areas exclusively in applications of fluid dynamics. This international platform provided opportunities for eminent personnel to interact and suggest various corrective measures for advancement of the subject and its applications in industry, science, engineering and technology, research and development, etc. The deliberations made by an eminent mathematicians, engineers, scientists, and young researchers published in the form of conference proceeding entitled “Applications of Fluid Dynamics” by Springer in Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. This international conference received overwhelming response from academicians, scientists, engineers, researchers, and most importantly research scholars of various institutions of our country such as IITs, IISc Bangalore, R&D Center, IOL, HPCL Mumbai, NITs, Central and State Universities, and foreign countries as well such as USA, New Zealand, West Indies, Botswana, Ostrava, South Africa, Russia. The financial support for organizing this international conference was extended by Jharkhand Council of Science and Technology (JCST), Ranchi, Jharkhand; Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB), New Delhi; Defense Research Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi; and Society of Applied Mathematics (SAM) and IIT(ISM), Dhanbad. We are thankful, rather grateful, to the Key Speakers like Sri C.K. Asnani, Chairman and Managing Director, UCIL Jaduguda and Chief Guest of inaugural function; Prof. Dhanush Dhari Misra, Chairman, Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad; Prof. D.C. Panigrahi, Director, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad; Prof.