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Death, TIR, and RHIM: Self‐assembling domains involved in innate immunity and cell‐death signaling
Author(s) -
Nanson Jeffrey D.,
Kobe Bostjan,
Ve Thomas
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-123r
Subject(s) - biology , innate immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , signal transduction , programmed cell death , pattern recognition receptor , receptor , trif , function (biology) , immunity , toll like receptor , immune system , immunology , apoptosis , genetics
The innate immune system consists of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen‐ and endogenous danger‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), initiating signaling pathways that lead to the induction of cytokine expression, processing of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and induction of cell‐death responses. An emerging concept in these pathways and associated processes is signaling by cooperative assembly formation (SCAF), which involves formation of higher order oligomeric complexes, and enables rapid and strongly amplified signaling responses to minute amounts of stimulus. Many of these signalosomes assemble through homotypic interactions of members of the death‐fold (DF) superfamily, Toll/IL‐1 receptor (TIR) domains, or the RIP homotypic interaction motifs (RHIM). We review the current understanding of the structure and function of these domains and their molecular interactions with a particular focus on higher order assemblies.