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Impact of maternal HIV exposure, feeding status, and microbiome on infant cellular immunity
Author(s) -
Dzanibe Sonwabile,
Jaspan Heather B.,
Zulu Michael Z.,
Kiravu Agano,
Gray Clive M.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-120r
Subject(s) - biology , immunity , immunology , immune system , microbiome , gestation , pregnancy , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , cellular immunity , physiology , bioinformatics , genetics
At least one‐third of infants born in sub‐Saharan Africa have been exposed to the effects of maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment. Intrauterine HIV exposure is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality in children. Although the mechanisms responsible for poor infant health with HIV‐1 exposure are likely to be multifactorial, we posit that the maternal environment during gestation and in the perinatal period results in altered infant immunity and is possibly the strongest contributing factor responsible for the disproportionally high infectious events among HIV‐exposed infants who remain HIV uninfected. This review provides a synthesis of studies reporting the impact of intrauterine HIV exposure, feeding practices, and microbiota on immune ontogeny in the first year of life in HIV‐exposed uninfected infants.