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Dendritic cells and the replication of HIV‐1
Author(s) -
Cameron P.,
Pope M.,
GranelliPiperno A.,
Steinman R.M.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1002/jlb.59.2.158
Subject(s) - biology , cd8 , progenitor cell , immunology , haematopoiesis , antigen presentation , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , bone marrow , virology , dendritic cell , viral replication , microbiology and biotechnology , cytotoxic t cell , in vitro , antigen , immune system , t cell , stem cell , virus , genetics
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a distinct lineage of white cells that arise from CD34 + progenitors in the bone marrow. DCs exhibit many specializations that lead to efficient antigen capture and presentation to T cells, both CD4 + helpers and CD8+ killers. In several human tissues, DCs express the CD4 receptor for HIV‐1. Some early reports described the explosive infection of blood‐derived DCs by HIV‐1 and a severe compromise of their presenting function. In contrast, other studies described active HIV‐1 replication when DCs were interacting with CD4 + T cells. This productive infection could begin with a low viral burden in DCs but required that the DCs retain their normal binding and stimulatory function for T cells. In this review we first summarize those features of the DC system that seem pertinent to HIV‐1 infection. Then we consider the current literature on the interaction of HIV‐1 with DCs, from several different tissues, in HIV‐1‐infected patients or following challenge with HIV‐1 in vitro. The literature leads to the hypothesis that HIV‐1 infection is a battleground in which DCs could be leading both of the armies, the aggressor that promotes HIV‐1 replication from relatively small numbers of infected cells and the defender that mediates T cell‐dependent resistance.