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Lipopolysaccharide structure‐function relationship in activation versus reprogramming of mouse peritoneal macrophages
Author(s) -
Zhang Xiaoke,
Morrison David C.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1002/jlb.54.5.444
Subject(s) - lipopolysaccharide , reprogramming , nitric oxide , tumor necrosis factor alpha , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , function (biology) , immunology , biochemistry , cell , endocrinology
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent stimuli for macrophages. The activities of LPS have been attributed to the lipid A region of the molecule. We have previously shown that pretreatment of macrophages with very low doses of LPS can selectively “reprogram” these cells to respond differentially to subsequent activation, as assessed by tumor necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide (NO) production. Here we demonstrate that the relative capacity of various LPS preparations for induction of down‐regulation of subsequent LPS‐activated NO production correlates well with their relative potency for initiation of NO formation. Although LPS‐dependent activation can be regulated by a pertussis toxin (PT)‐sen‐ sitive factor, the LPS pretreatment‐induced reprogramming is shown here to be refractory to regulation by PT. These results suggest that, although the structural components of LPS dictating the relative activities of the molecule for activation versus reprogramming are similar, there may exist different pathways in initiation of LPS‐induced activation versus reprogramming.