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Role of Antibody‐Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and Lymphokine‐Activated Killer Cells in AIDS and Related Diseases
Author(s) -
Brenner Bluma G.,
Gryllis Chryssa,
Wainberg Mark A.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of leukocyte biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.819
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1938-3673
pISSN - 0741-5400
DOI - 10.1002/jlb.50.6.628
Subject(s) - antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity , immunology , biology , lymphokine , major histocompatibility complex , cytotoxic t cell , lymphokine activated killer cell , antibody , virology , natural killer cell , interleukin 2 , cytokine , immune system , t cell , interleukin 21 , in vitro , monoclonal antibody , biochemistry
This overview summarizes current knowledge on the overall efficacy and potential contribution of antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphokine‐activated killer cell (LAK) activities in evoking non‐major histocompatibility complex (non‐MHC) cytolytic responses to human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1)‐infected targets. High titers of ADCC antibodies to the HIV‐1 virion are present in HIV‐1‐seropositive populations at all stages of disease. These antibodies are broadly reactive with a large number of HIV‐1 strains and are predominantly directed against envelope determinants spanning both gp120 and gp41. However, the relative ability of natural killer (NK) effectors, derived from HIV‐seropositive individuals, to evoke ADCC responses becomes increasingly impaired with disease progression. HIV‐1‐seropositive individuals also show marked decreases in both production of and responsiveness to interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). HIV‐1‐seropositive individuals generally have the ability to generate ex vivo propagated LAK cells; however, these cytolytic effectors are less effective than their counterparts derived from healthy controls. Increased understanding and control of non‐MHC‐restricted cytotoxic‐responses to HIV, and their induction by lymphokines, may lead to improved treatment strategies for the management of AIDS and related diseases.