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Glycerol: A Promising Benign Solvent for Catalyst‐free One‐pot Multi‐component Synthesis of 1 H ‐Pyrozolo[1,2‐ b ]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and 2 H ‐Indazolo[2,1‐ b ]phthalazine‐triones Under Controlled Microwaves Irradiation
Author(s) -
Zaky Omnyia Said,
Selim Maghraby Ali,
Ebied Manal Makboul,
Sadek Kamal Usef
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of heterocyclic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.321
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1943-5193
pISSN - 0022-152X
DOI - 10.1002/jhet.3659
Subject(s) - phthalazine , chemistry , phthalic anhydride , catalysis , reagent , atom economy , hydrazine (antidepressant) , glycerol , methylene , combinatorial chemistry , solvent , organic chemistry , hydrate , chromatography
A simple green and efficient one‐pot multi‐component synthesis of 1 H ‐pyrozolo[1,2‐ b ]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and 2 H ‐indazolo[2,1‐ b ]phthalazine‐triones has been developed utilizing one‐pot multi‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, active methylene reagents, phthalic anhydride, and hydrazine hydrate or alternatively phthalhydrazide in glycerol without catalyst under controlled microwave heating. The current synthetic protocol offers several advantages such as excellent yields, high EcoScale and atom economy, simple working up reactants and products, and the absence of hazardous catalysts or solvents.