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Risk biomarkers for assessment and chemoprevention of liver fluke‐associated cholangiocarcinoma
Author(s) -
Yongvanit Puangrat,
Pinlaor Somchai,
Loilome Watcharin
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of hepato‐biliary‐pancreatic sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.63
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1868-6982
pISSN - 1868-6974
DOI - 10.1002/jhbp.63
Subject(s) - opisthorchiasis , opisthorchis viverrini , liver fluke , carcinogenesis , biomarker , biology , field cancerization , medicine , cancer , cancer research , bioinformatics , genetics , immunology , helminths
Human liver fluke, O pisthorchis viverrini ( O v), is the major risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma ( CCA ) in northeastern T hailand. Our approach focuses on genetic progression and molecular changes in the carcinogenic pathway of liver fluke‐associated CCA aimed at assessing patients at risk of CCA and using chemoprevention as the secondary cancer prevention to reduce the incidence of CCA . This review summarizes altered gene expressions, biomolecules and their modification, i.e. DNA adducts, oxidized proteins, oxysterols and fibrotic markers in hamster‐ and human‐ CCA . Potential risk biomarker(s) and chemopreventive agent(s) criteria and selection were based on results from experimental and epidemiological studies identifying hepatobiliary disease, including CCA . Laboratory results reveal that oxidative stress induced by O v infection leads to bimolecular damage, tissue remodeling especially periductal fibrosis and alteration of gene expressions, which could be involved in all steps of CCA carcinogenesis. Some of these molecules are reported to change their levels in opisthorchiasis, periductal fibrosis diagnosed by ultrasonography and CCA . Chemoprevention in experimental CCA tumorigenesis is discussed. These multiple risk biomarkers could now be explored for screening including chemopreventive intervention of subjects living in endemic areas where the prevalence of opisthorchiasis remains high.