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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterial diversity, abundance, and activity in marsh sediments of the Yangtze Estuary
Author(s) -
Hou Lijun,
Zheng Yanling,
Liu Min,
Gong Jun,
Zhang Xiaoli,
Yin Guoyu,
You Li
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: biogeosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-8961
pISSN - 2169-8953
DOI - 10.1002/jgrg.20108
Subject(s) - anammox , estuary , denitrifying bacteria , anoxic waters , ecology , nitrogen cycle , denitrification , environmental chemistry , salinity , candidatus , biology , environmental science , bacteria , chemistry , 16s ribosomal rna , nitrogen , organic chemistry , genetics
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as an important process of nitrogen cycle has been studied in estuarine environments. However, knowledge about the dynamics of anammox bacteria and their interactions with associated activity remains scarce in these environments. Here we report the anammox bacterial diversity, abundance, and activity in the Yangtze Estuary, using molecular and isotope‐tracing techniques. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that high anammox bacterial diversity occurred in this estuary, including Scalindua , Brocadia , Kuenenia , and two novel clusters. The patterns of community composition and diversity of anammox bacteria differed across the estuary. Salinity was a key environmental factor defining the geographical distribution and diversity of the anammox bacterial community at the estuarine ecosystem. Temperature and organic carbon also had significant influences on anammox bacterial biodiversity. The abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 2.63 × 10 6 and 1.56 × 10 7 gene copies g −1 , and its spatiotemporal variations were related significantly to salinity, temperature, and nitrite content. The anammox activity was related to temperature, nitrite, and anammox bacterial abundance, with values of 0.94–6.61 nmol N g −1 h −1 . The tight link between the anammox and denitrification processes implied that denitrifying bacteria may be a primary source of nitrite for the anammox bacteria in the estuarine marshes. On the basis of the 15 N tracing experiments, the anammox process was estimated to contribute 6.6%–12.9% to the total nitrogen loss whereas the remainder was attributed to denitrification.