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Long non‐coding RNAs in cancer: Another layer of complexity
Author(s) -
Oliveira Jaqueline Carvalho,
Oliveira Luana Caroline,
Mathias Carolina,
Pedroso Gabrielle Araújo,
Lemos Debora Souza,
SalvianoSilva Amanda,
Jucoski Tayana Schultz,
LoboAlves Sara Cristina,
Zambalde Erika Pereira,
Cipolla Gabriel Adelman,
Gradia Daniela Fiori
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the journal of gene medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.689
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1521-2254
pISSN - 1099-498X
DOI - 10.1002/jgm.3065
Subject(s) - biology , epigenetics , reprogramming , carcinogenesis , computational biology , genome instability , cancer , metastasis , disease , prostate cancer , long non coding rna , microrna , cancer research , rna , genetics , gene , dna damage , dna , medicine , pathology
We review the most well characterized long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with important roles in hallmarks of cancer, additionally including lncRNAs with a higher potential for clinical application. LncRNAs are transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides in length that do not appear to have protein‐coding potential, although some of those may produce small functional peptides. These transcripts have attracted significant attention from researchers as a result of their role in genetic regulation, including epigenetic, transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation, being involved in numerous biological processes, as well as being associated with multifactorial diseases, including tumorigenesis. The hallmarks of cancer include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis and activating invasion/metastasis. Additionally, genome instability, inflammation, reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction and lncRNAs are implicated in all hallmarks of cancer. Based on the great number of studies describing lncRNAs associated with diverse aspects of most tumor types, lncRNAs have essential roles in potentially all biological features of cancer cells and show great utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as exemplified by PCA3 lncRNA detection in prostate cancer diagnosis.