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Susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection is influenced by toll like receptor‐2 (−196 to −174) polymorphism in a north Indian population
Author(s) -
Vidyant Sanjukta,
Chatterjee Animesh,
Agarwal Vikas,
Dhole Tapan N.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the journal of gene medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.689
H-Index - 91
eISSN - 1521-2254
pISSN - 1099-498X
DOI - 10.1002/jgm.2971
Subject(s) - single nucleotide polymorphism , genotype , immunology , biology , tlr2 , allele , allele frequency , population , odds ratio , snp , genotype frequency , toll like receptor , genetics , innate immune system , virology , gene , medicine , immune system , environmental health
Background Toll like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize molecular patterns of pathogens and play an important role in innate immunity. Recent studies have identified that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TLR gene impairs the response to TLR ligands in some individuals and is associated with susceptibility to various infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the role of four SNPs in the TLR2 gene [−196 to −174 Ins/Del, 2258 G/A (Arg753Gln), 2029 C/T (Arg677Trp) and 1892 C/A (Pro631His)] with respect to susceptibility and progression to HIV‐1 in North Indian individuals. Methods The study population consisted of 160 HIV‐1 seropositive patients stratified on the basis of disease severity (stages I, II and III) and 270 HIV‐1 seronegative individuals. The subjects were genotyped for TLR2 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results In the present study, we found that the TLR2 Del mutant genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.138; p = 0.001] and allele (OR = 1.562; p = 0.002) was at a higher frequency in patients with HIV‐1 infection compared to healthy controls and was significantly associated with the risk of HIV‐1 infection and disease susceptibility. Furthermore, we also found that TLR2 Del homozygous genotype was at a lower frequency in stage III (19.35%) compared to stage I (50.87%; OR = 1.901) and stage II (43.05%; OR = 1.514) and was associated with a reduced risk of HIV‐1 disease progression. Conclusions The present study reports for the first time that the TLR2–196 to −174 Ins/Del polymorphism is a risk factor for HIV‐1 transmission in HIV‐1 infected North Indian individuals.