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Evolution after gene duplication: models, mechanisms, sequences, systems, and organisms
Author(s) -
Roth Christian,
Rastogi Shruti,
Arvestad Lars,
Dittmar Katharina,
Light Sara,
Ekman Diana,
Liberles David A.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of experimental zoology part b: molecular and developmental evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.823
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1552-5015
pISSN - 1552-5007
DOI - 10.1002/jez.b.21124
Subject(s) - gene duplication , neofunctionalization , subfunctionalization , biology , gene , functional divergence , evolutionary biology , gene family , context (archaeology) , genetics , genome , computational biology , paleontology
Gene duplication is postulated to have played a major role in the evolution of biological novelty. Here, gene duplication is examined across levels of biological organization in an attempt to create a unified picture of the mechanistic process by which gene duplication can have played a role in generating biodiversity. Neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization have been proposed as important processes driving the retention of duplicate genes. These models have foundations in population genetic theory, which is now being refined by explicit consideration of the structural constraints placed upon genes encoding proteins through physical chemistry. Further, such models can be examined in the context of comparative genomics, where an integration of gene‐level evolution and species‐level evolution allows an assessment of the frequency of duplication and the fate of duplicate genes. This process, of course, is dependent upon the biochemical role that duplicated genes play in biological systems, which is in turn dependent upon the mechanism of duplication: whole genome duplication involving a co‐duplication of interacting partners vs. single gene duplication. Lastly, the role that these processes may have played in driving speciation is examined. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006 . © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.