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Influence of post‐application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide fate on a United States Golf Association golf course putting green
Author(s) -
Stephens Cameron M.,
Kerns James P.,
Ahmed Khalied A.,
Gan Travis W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.1002/jeq2.20249
Subject(s) - fungicide , irrigation , agronomy , environmental science , triadimefon , growing season , horticulture , biology
Fungicides are routinely applied to golf course putting greens throughout the growing season. Gaining a better understanding of fungicide fate can improve fungicide use and stewardship. Therefore, optimizing fungicide applications with post‐application management practices may enhance fungicide movement and limit potential off‐target effects. Two field studies were initiated on a golf course putting green to evaluate the influence of post‐fungicide application irrigation and mowing timing on fungicide movement into the soil profile and removal in turfgrass clippings. Plots were treated with a single application of either pyraclostrobin, triadimefon, or penthiopyrad and received 0.64 cm post‐application irrigation immediately or 6 h after application or received no post‐application irrigation. Clippings were collected 0, 1, and 3 d after treatment (DAT). Cores were harvested 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 DAT and dissected into the remaining aboveground vegetation (RAV; verdure/thatch; 0‐to‐2.5‐, 2.5‐to‐5.1‐, and 5.1‐to‐7.6‐cm soil subsections). A small amount of fungicide (<3.6%) was removed with clippings regardless of mowing and irrigation treatment. Post‐application irrigation treatment influenced fungicide movement; however, >50% of fungicide remained restricted to the RAV for the first 3 DAT. Less fungicide remained restricted to the RAV, and more fungicide was detected in deeper soil depths when plots were irrigated immediately after application. Fungicide was only detected at the 5.1‐to‐7.6‐cm depth when plots were irrigated immediately. Applying post‐application irrigation immediately may result in more fungicide moving down to soilborne targets. Irrigating 6 h after application facilitated moderate fungicide movement compared with irrigating immediately but was better than no post‐application irrigation.