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Swine manure dilution with lagoon effluent impact on odor reduction and manure digestion
Author(s) -
Hwang Okhwa,
Scoggin Kenwood,
Andersen Daniel,
Ro Kyoung,
Trabue Steven
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.1002/jeq2.20197
Subject(s) - manure , manure management , odor , effluent , chemistry , dilution , anaerobic digestion , total dissolved solids , pulp and paper industry , zoology , environmental chemistry , agronomy , environmental science , environmental engineering , biology , physics , organic chemistry , methane , engineering , thermodynamics
Manure management systems have a major impact on odor from swine operations. A study was conducted to compare deep‐pit manure management systems to flushing barn manure management systems for odor reduction and organic matter degradation. Bioreactors were used to mimic manure management systems in which manure and lagoon effluent were loaded initially, and subsequent manure was added daily at 5% of its storage capacity (1 L). Final manure‐to‐lagoon effluent ratios were 10:0 (deep‐pit manure management system), 7:3 (Korean flushing systems), 5:5 (enhanced flushing systems), and 2:8 (enhanced flushing systems). At the end of the trial, at 4 (2:8), 10 (5:5), or 14 (10:0, 7:3) d, manure and gas concentrations of odorants were measured, including total solids (TS), total N (TN), and total C (TC) of manure. Odor was evaluated using the odor activity values (OAVs), and regression analysis was used to determine the effects of dilution and TS on manure properties and OAVs. Solids in the manure were positively correlated to TN, TC, straight chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branch chain fatty acids (BCFAs), total phenols, and total indoles and positively correlated to OAV for SCFAs, BCFAs, ammonia, total phenols, and total indoles. Reducing TS by 90% reduced BCFA, ammonia, phenols, and indoles by equal amounts in air. Carbon dioxide was the main C source evolved, averaging over 90%, and CH 4 increased with dilution quadratically. Overall, reducing solids in manure by dilution had the biggest impact on reducing odor and increasing organic C degradation.