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Global Research Alliance N 2 O chamber methodology guidelines: Introduction, with health and safety considerations
Author(s) -
Klein Cecile A. M.,
Harvey Mike J.,
Clough Tim J.,
Petersen Søren O.,
Chadwick David R.,
Venterea Rodney T.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.1002/jeq2.20131
Subject(s) - software deployment , sample (material) , government (linguistics) , greenhouse gas , reliability (semiconductor) , computer science , data collection , risk analysis (engineering) , environmental science , operations research , engineering , business , physics , mathematics , statistics , ecology , linguistics , philosophy , power (physics) , quantum mechanics , biology , thermodynamics , operating system
Non‐steady‐state (NSS) chamber techniques have been used for decades to measure nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes from agricultural soils. These techniques are widely used because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to adopt, versatile, and adaptable to varying conditions. Much of our current understanding of the drivers of N 2 O emissions is based on studies using NSS chambers. These chamber techniques require decisions regarding multiple methodological aspects (e.g., chamber materials and geometry, deployment, sample analysis, and data and statistical analysis), each of which may significantly affect the results. Variation in methodological details can lead to challenges in comparing results between studies and assessment of reliability and uncertainty. Therefore, the New Zealand Government, in support of the objectives of the Livestock Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA), funded two international projects to, first, develop standardized guidelines on the use of NSS chamber techniques and, second, refine them based on the most up to date knowledge and methods. This introductory paper summarizes a collection of papers that represent the revised guidelines. Each article summarizes existing knowledge and provides guidance and minimum requirements on chamber design, deployment, sample collection, storage and analysis, automated chambers, flux calculations, statistical analysis, emission factor estimation and data reporting, modeling, and “gap‐filling” approaches. The minimum requirements are not meant to be highly prescriptive but instead provide researchers with clear direction on best practices and factors that need to be considered. Health and safety considerations of NSS chamber techniques are also provided with this introductory paper.