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Aerobic degradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene: Effect of raw organic wastes and nitrogen fortification
Author(s) -
Okozide Osekokhune E.,
Adebusoye Sunday A.,
Obayori Oluwafemi S.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of environmental quality
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.888
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1537-2537
pISSN - 0047-2425
DOI - 10.1002/jeq2.20088
Subject(s) - bioremediation , biodegradation , environmental chemistry , chemistry , amendment , bioaugmentation , pollutant , waste management , nitrogen , pulp and paper industry , environmental science , contamination , biology , organic chemistry , ecology , political science , law , engineering
2,4‐Dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT), a principal derivative generated in the synthesis of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene, is widely used as a waterproofer, plasticizer, and gelatinizer in propellants and explosives. This compound has been documented as a priority pollutant because of its toxicity. Therefore, its removal from contaminated systems is a major focus of research and environmental attention. The presence of 2,4‐DNT bacterial‐degrading strains that could utilize 2,4‐DNT as growth substrate in polluted sites in Ibadan, Nigeria, was determined using continual enrichment techniques on nitroaromatic mixtures. Proteus sp. strain OSES2 isolated in this study was characterized by phenotypic typing and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Growth of the strain on 2,4‐DNT resulted in an exponential increase in biomass and complete substrate utilization within 72 h, accompanied by NO 3 − elimination. Degradation competence was enhanced in the presence of corn steep liquor, molasses, and Tween 80 compared with incubation without amendment. Conversely, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no significant improvement in degradation. Use of these organic wastes as candidates in a bioremediation strategy should be exploited. This would provide a less‐expensive organic source supplement for cleanup purposes, with the ultimate aim of reducing the cost of bioremediation while reducing wastes intended for landfill.