Premium
Apatite‐like forming ability, porosity, and bond strength of calcium aluminate cement with chitosan, zirconium oxide, and hydroxyapatite additives
Author(s) -
Saltareli Fernanda Mara,
Leoni Graziela Bianchi,
Lima Ferraz Aguiar Nayara,
Faria Natália Spadini,
Oliveira Ivone Regina,
Bachmann Luciano,
RaucciNeto Walter
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
microscopy research and technique
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1097-0029
pISSN - 1059-910X
DOI - 10.1002/jemt.23678
Subject(s) - apatite , bond strength , porosity , aluminate , nuclear chemistry , zirconium , materials science , scanning electron microscope , calcium , oxide , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , calcium oxide , chemistry , cement , mineralogy , chemical engineering , composite material , metallurgy , adhesive , layer (electronics) , engineering
This study evaluated the effect of chitosan, zirconium oxide, and hydroxyapatite on the apatite‐like forming ability, porosity, and bond‐strength of calcium‐aluminate cements (C). Three hundred bovine root‐slices were assigned to one of five groups, according to the material: MTA, C, C + chitosan (Cchi), C + zirconium oxide (Czio), and C + hydroxyapatite (Chap), and within each group, two subgroups, according to the immersion: deionized water or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) up to 14 days. Assessments ( n = 10) of apatite‐like forming ability were performed using scanning‐electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction. PBS was evaluated for pH and Ca 2+ release ( n = 10). Bond‐strength was analyzed by push‐out test ( n = 10) and porosity by micro‐CT ( n = 10). Chemical and push‐out data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = .05). Porosity data were analyzed by the Kruskal‐Wallis and SNK tests (α = .05). Similar Ca/P ratios were observed between all groups ( p > .05). The pH of MTA and Cchi were higher than that of other cements at d 3 and 6 ( p < .05). Cchi had a higher release of Ca 2+ up to 6 days ( p < .05). All cements had lower porosity after PBS ( p < .05). Cchi and Chap had similar porosity reduction ( p > .05), and were higher than MTA, C, and Czio ( p < .05). Cchi had higher bond‐strength than the other groups ( p < .05). PBS samples had higher bond‐strength ( p < .05). All cements had hydroxyapatite deposition and the chitosan blend had the lowest porosity and the highest bond‐strength.