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Determining E 1 and E 2 values for yttrium aluminum garnet ceramics using the Duane‐Hunt limit
Author(s) -
Wang Yongzhe,
Kong Mingguang,
Khan Matiullah,
Zhang Jimei,
Lin Chucheng,
Zeng Yi
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
microscopy research and technique
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1097-0029
pISSN - 1059-910X
DOI - 10.1002/jemt.23118
Subject(s) - yttrium , bremsstrahlung , ceramic , analytical chemistry (journal) , materials science , aluminium , electron , scanning electron microscope , atomic physics , mineralogy , physics , chemistry , composite material , metallurgy , nuclear physics , oxide , chromatography
A major challenge when performing scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray analysis on many ceramic materials is their electrical insulation properties, which leads to buildup of the surface charge and reduced contrast in the secondary electron image. A new procedure was established to quantitatively determine the neutral state values, E 1 and E 2 , of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics using the Duane‐Hunt limit ( E DHL ) of Bremsstrahlung, in order to eliminate this charge effect. Thirty‐eight E DHL values were linearly fitted with the last portion of X‐ray spectra acquired under the incident energy, E 0 , from 0.35 to 5.0 kV. According to the distribution of E DHL , two piecewise linear fitting was first employed with a breakpoint of 1.0 kV. Consequently, two intersection points of 0.54 and 2.48 kV, which correspond to E 1 and E 2 for YAG ceramics, were directly determined using a theoretical curve ( E DHL = E 0 ). As a result, the high‐resolution images of the YAG ceramic grain structure were successfully obtained using the calculated E 1 and E 2 values.