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A comparative study of mud‐like and coralliform calcium carbonate gallbladder stones
Author(s) -
Ma RuiHong,
Luo XiaoBing,
Wang XiaoFeng,
Qiao Tie,
Huang HaiYi,
Zhong HaiQiang
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
microscopy research and technique
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1097-0029
pISSN - 1059-910X
DOI - 10.1002/jemt.22857
Subject(s) - aragonite , gallbladder stone , calcite , calcium carbonate , clonorchis sinensis , gallbladder , mineralogy , chemistry , biology , medicine , helminths , zoology , organic chemistry
To gain insight to underlying mechanism of the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) gallbladder stones, we did comparative study of stones with mud appearance and those with coralliform appearance. A total of 93 gallbladder stones with mud appearance and 50 stones with coralliform appearance were analyzed. The appearance, color, texture, and the detection of Clonorchis sinensis eggs by microscopic examination were compared between the two groups. Then, the material compositions of stones were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and the spectrogram characteristics were compared. Moreover, microstructure characteristics of the two kinds of stones were observed and compared with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mud‐like gallbladder stones were mainly earthy yellow or brown with brittle or soft texture, while coralliform stones were mainly black with extremely hard texture, the differences between the two groups was significant ( p < .05). The analytic results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that 95.7% (89/93) of the mud‐like gallbladder stones were CaCO 3 stones, and mainly aragonite; while all of the coralliform stones were CaCO 3 stones, and mainly calcite ( p < .05). Meanwhile, microscopic examination indicated that the detection rate of Clonorchis sinensis eggs in mud‐like CaCO 3 stones was lower than that in coralliform CaCO 3 stones ( p < .05), and that in aragonite CaCO 3 stones was lower than that in calcite CaCO 3 stones( p < .05). Mud‐like CaCO 3 stones mainly happened to patients with cystic duct obstruction. Clonorchis sinensis infection was mainly associated with coralliform (calcite) CaCO 3 stones. Cystic duct obstruction was mainly associated with mud‐like (aragonite) CaCO 3 stones.