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Protective effect of fluoride varnish and fluoride gel on enamel erosion: roughness, SEM‐EDS, and µ‐EDXRF studies
Author(s) -
Soares Luís Eduardo Silva,
De Carvalho Filho Antonio Carlos Belfort
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
microscopy research and technique
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1097-0029
pISSN - 1059-910X
DOI - 10.1002/jemt.22467
Subject(s) - enamel paint , remineralisation , fluoride , demineralization , orange juice , nuclear chemistry , chemistry , scanning electron microscope , varnish , saliva , dentistry , materials science , inorganic chemistry , composite material , food science , biochemistry , medicine , organic chemistry , coating
Objectives The effects of fluoride treatment on bovine enamel subjected to acid erosion were studied by roughness (Ra) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and microenergy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ‐EDXRF). Materials and Method Enamel samples (63) were divided into nine groups ( n = 7): artificial saliva (AS), Pepsi Twist ® (PT), orange juice (OJ), Duraphat ® + Pepsi Twist ® (DPH/PT), Duraphat ® + orange juice (DPH/OJ), Duofluorid ® + Pepsi Twist ® (DUO/PT), Duofluorid ® + orange juice (DUO/OJ), fluoride gel + Pepsi Twist ® (FG/PT), and fluoride gel + orange juice (FG/OJ). Fluoride was applied and the samples were submitted to six cycles (demineralization: Pepsi Twist ® or orange juice, 10 min; remineralization: saliva, 1 h). The enamel surface in depth was exposed and 63 line‐scan maps were performed. Results The elemental analysis by EDS revealed that only fluoride treated groups had any detectable fluorine after erosion cycles (DPH/PT: 3.50 wt%; DPH/OJ: 3.37 wt%; DUO/PT: 2.69 wt%; DUO/OJ: 3.54 wt%; FG/PT: 2.17 wt%; FG/OJ: 2.77 wt%). PT treatment resulted in significantly higher Ra values than the artificial saliva ( P < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fluoride protected enamel showed areas with some globular structures or a residual layer of varnish. The enamel thickness was significantly lower in PT (0.63 ± 0.087 mm) than in DPH/PT (0.87 ± 0.16 mm) and DUO/PT (0.92 ± 0.14 mm) groups ( P < 0.01). Clinical Relevance Fluoride treatments protected enamel without Ra increase and loss of enamel tissue. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:240–248, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.