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Characterization of some tin‐contained ancient glass beads found in China by means of SEM–EDS and raman spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Li Qinghui,
Liu Song,
Su Bomin,
Zhao Hongxia,
Fu Qiang,
Dong Junqing
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
microscopy research and technique
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1097-0029
pISSN - 1059-910X
DOI - 10.1002/jemt.22144
Subject(s) - tin , cassiterite , materials science , scanning electron microscope , raman spectroscopy , soda lime glass , characterization (materials science) , spectroscopy , energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy , mineralogy , chemistry , metallurgy , nanotechnology , composite material , optics , physics , quantum mechanics
A total of nine tin‐contained ancient glass beads were characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy. These glass beads dated from 1st century BC to 10th century AD were excavated from the Xinjiang and Guangxi provinces of China. Two kinds of tin‐based opacifiers/colorants included crystalline cassiterite (SnO 2 ) and lead‐tin yellow types II were first found in these soda lime glass beads. The tentative chronology of the tin‐based opacifiers/colorants used in ancient glasses from China and the West was compared. In addition, several transition metal ions colorants were also found in these beads. The detailed study of the glassy matrices, crystalline inclusions, and the microstructural heterogeneities for these glass beads has revealed some valuable information to trace the possible making technology and provenances. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.