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Angiogenesis of the heart
Author(s) -
Kutryk Michael J.B.,
Stewart Duncan J.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
microscopy research and technique
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.536
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1097-0029
pISSN - 1059-910X
DOI - 10.1002/jemt.10252
Subject(s) - angiogenesis , arteriogenesis , medicine , vasculogenesis , therapeutic angiogenesis , revascularization , angioplasty , fibroblast growth factor , artery , genetic enhancement , cardiology , coronary artery disease , vascular endothelial growth factor , restenosis , neovascularization , myocardial infarction , gene , stem cell , progenitor cell , vegf receptors , stent , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , receptor
Despite continued advances in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, there are still a large number of patients who are not candidates for the conventional revascularization techniques of balloon angioplasty and stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Therapeutic angiogenesis, in the form of the administration of growth factor protein or gene therapy, has emerged as a promising new method of treatment for patients with coronary artery disease. The goal of this strategy is to promote the development of supplemental blood conduits that will act as endogenous bypass vessels. New vessel formation occurs through the processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and arteriogenesis, under the control of growth factors such as those that belong to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and angiopoeitin (Ang) families of molecules. Preclinical studies have suggested that such an approach is both feasible and effective; however many questions remain to be answered. This review will address the elements of pharmacologic revascularization, focusing on gene and protein‐based therapy. The important growth factors, the vector (for gene therapy), routes of delivery, the desired therapeutic effect, and quantifiable clinical end points for trials of angiogenesis will all be addressed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:138–158, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.