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Potential causes of insufficient bladder contrast opacification and premature microbubble destruction during contrast‐enhanced voiding urosonography in children
Author(s) -
Ključevšek Damjana,
Pečanac Olivera,
Tomažič Mojca,
Glušič Mojca
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of clinical ultrasound
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.272
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1097-0096
pISSN - 0091-2751
DOI - 10.1002/jcu.22656
Subject(s) - medicine , vesicoureteric reflux , microbubbles , contrast (vision) , cystourethrography , reflux , radiology , intravenous bolus , bolus (digestion) , urinary system , urinary bladder , ultrasound , urology , surgery , pathology , vesicoureteral reflux , disease , artificial intelligence , computer science
Contrast‐enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) has been recognized as a child‐friendly examination with high diagnostic accuracy for vesicoureteric reflux detection. A single bolus and the infusion techniques of ceVUS are described. Insufficient bladder contrast opacification during the filling phase and premature destruction of SonoVue microbubbles might occur. Data regarding SonoVue's features, doses, bladder contrast opacification, US bladder parameters, urine catheter, antibiotic prophylaxis, and childrens behaviors were collected to discover the possible causes of the contrast vanishing observed during bladder filling in 10% of examinations and in the later phase of ceVUS in 5% of examinations. An updated ceVUS examination protocol is suggested.