Vesicovaginal Fistula: Ultrasound Delineation and Pathological Correlation

Worldwide, the most common cause of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is obstructed labor causing bladder ischemia, but in Western countries it occurs most often as a complication of gynecological surgery, especially abdominal hysterectomy. 1 It may also occur as a complication of urological procedures—urethral dilatation, plastic bladder repair, and papilloma fulguration. Less common causes are trauma, sepsis, radiotherapy, and malignancy. It is a recorded complication of a large bladder calculus. 2 We present a patient with carcinoma of the cervix in whom a VVF occurred immediately postradiotherapy. Ultrasound examination clearly demonstrated the position and size of the fistula.