Nano‐layered TiO 2 for effective bacterial disintegration of waste activated sludge and biogas production

BACKGROUND Proper management of the huge amount of waste activated sludge generated during the conventional treatment of wastewater is nowadays a major environmental issue. Proper treatment of sludge needs huge investment and proper handling. To address this issue, the immobilized photocatalyst (TiO 2 ) mediated exocellular fractionation of bacterial pretreatment for anaerobic digestion was utilized as a sludge treatment technique. RESULT Ti was deposited on glass substrate by a DC spluttering technique, and a TiO 2 layer was formed by annealing in oxygen atmosphere. This immobilized TiO 2 efficiently extricated the extracellular components after 45 min by removing 99% of the total extractable extracellular polymeric substances. The exocellular fractionated bacterial pretreatment induced 20% of COD solubilization with methane generation of about 0.0217 g COD g ‐1 COD d ‐1 , which was higher than the sludge without any treatment and sludge with bacterial pretreatment only. CONCLUSION An 8% increase in COD solubilization was achieved, which generated high quantities of methane. With the advantage of methane generation, the maximum profitable sludge reduction was obtained. Thin film deposition of TiO 2 enables easy recovery of TiO 2 . The cost, energy, and solid balance analysis confirmed that this treatment method is field applicable. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry