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Magnetic nanosized calcium ferrite particles for efficient degradation of crystal violet using a microwave‐induced catalytic method: insight into the degradation pathway
Author(s) -
Shi Wen,
Li Qi,
An Shuai,
Zhang Tingting,
Zhang Lei
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of chemical technology and biotechnology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.64
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1097-4660
pISSN - 0268-2575
DOI - 10.1002/jctb.4578
Subject(s) - catalysis , radical , degradation (telecommunications) , microwave , environmental remediation , crystal violet , chemistry , ferrite (magnet) , metal , nuclear chemistry , kinetics , chemical engineering , photochemistry , materials science , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , contamination , composite material , medicine , telecommunications , ecology , biology , physics , pathology , quantum mechanics , computer science , engineering
BACKGROUND Magnetic iron based catalysts with high oxidation performance are generally effective for many catalytic reactions and can be magnetically recovered after application, showing advantages over other metal oxides. In this work, a highly active nanosized CaFe 2 O 4 was prepared by a sol–gel method. Application of the microwave‐induced catalytic degradation ( MICD ) method to the abatement of crystal violet ( CV ) using the magnetic catalyst was studied. RESULTS More than 90% of CV was degraded within 10 min. The intermediate products were investigated by UV –vis, HPLC and NMR . The results confirmed that CV was completely degraded and converted into harmless products. The reaction kinetics, effect of different ion species (Cl − , SO 4 2 − , NO 3 − , H 2 PO 4 − and HPO 4 2 − ), pH , dye initial concentration, dosage of catalyst, and degradation mechanism were comprehensively studied. It was found that CaFe 2 O 4 presented high activity to produce hydroxyl radicals and holes for degradation of CV under microwave radiation ( MW ). Surface hydroxyl groups of CaFe 2 O 4 were a critical part in the generation of radicals, and iron on CaFe 2 O 4 surface formed active sites to catalyze CV suggesting that CaFe 2 O 4 plays a significant role in degradation of dyes. CONCLUSION This work provides valuable knowledge on the development of CaFe 2 O 4 catalyst for environmental remediation technology. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry