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Attached growth systems for wastewater treatment in small and rural communities: a review
Author(s) -
Loupasaki Eleftheria,
Diamadopoulos Evan
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of chemical technology and biotechnology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.64
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1097-4660
pISSN - 0268-2575
DOI - 10.1002/jctb.3967
Subject(s) - aeration , hydraulic retention time , anoxic waters , anaerobic exercise , wastewater , environmental science , sewage treatment , environmental engineering , waste management , ecology , engineering , biology , physiology
This paper reviews the application of attached growth processes for municipal wastewater treatment. Attached growth processes are classified as aerobic (either aerated or non‐aerated), anaerobic and hybrid (anaerobic/anoxic and aerobic). The main advantage of attached growth systems is that they maintain a high concentration of microorganisms resulting in high removal rates at relatively small hydraulic retention times. The basic design and operational characteristics of various systems are presented in terms of packing materials, organic loading rates, treatment temperature, as well as achieved removal rates. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry