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Clean synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2‐propylene glycol over zinc–iron double oxide catalyst
Author(s) -
Zhao Xinqiang,
Jia Zhiguang,
Wang Yanji
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of chemical technology and biotechnology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.64
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1097-4660
pISSN - 0268-2575
DOI - 10.1002/jctb.1412
Subject(s) - catalysis , inorganic chemistry , zinc , zinc nitrate , chemistry , calcination , propylene oxide , urea , propylene carbonate , iron oxide , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , electrochemistry , polymer , ethylene oxide , electrode , copolymer
A series of zinc–iron double oxide catalysts has been prepared. The suitable preparation conditions are as follows: zinc nitrate and iron nitrate as precursors, molar ratio of Zn/Fe 2:1, ammonia as the precipitant, precipitation end‐point pH 8.04, and calcination temperature 450 °C. The clean synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) via urea and 1,2‐propylene glycol (PG) over the zinc–iron double oxide catalyst has been studied. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: reaction temperature 170 °C, reaction time 2 h, catalyst concentration 1.4% (wt), and molar ratio of urea to PG 1:4. The highest yield of PC was 78.6%. XRD, CO 2 ‐TPD and XPS techniques have been employed for catalyst characterization. Two kinds of crystal phase, ZnO and ZnFe 2 O 4 , have been detected and their synergistic effect promotes the catalytic activity of the oxide catalysts. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry