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Novel gel‐entrapped base catalysts for the Claisen–Schmidt reaction
Author(s) -
Chaphekar Sachin S,
Samant Shriniwas D
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of chemical technology and biotechnology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.64
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1097-4660
pISSN - 0268-2575
DOI - 10.1002/jctb.1054
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , base (topology) , yield (engineering) , piperidine , morpholine , ethanol , agar , heterogeneous catalysis , phase (matter) , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , materials science , mathematics , mathematical analysis , biology , bacteria , metallurgy , genetics
Abstract Novel gel‐entrapped base catalysts (GEBCs) were prepared by entrapping aqueous solutions of bases in a gel matrix of agar agar. The bases used were NaOH, KOH, morpholine and piperidine. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed for the water–base–agar agar system to identify the various phases and especially the solid phase, useful as a solid base catalyst. The 10% NaOH solid gel was used to effect the Claisen–Schmidt reaction between benzaldehydes and acetophenones in ethanol under heterogeneous conditions to obtain 70–100% yield of the products. The solid GEBCs obtained using other bases were also used for the same reaction; however, the yields were lower. The catalyst needed no activation prior to use and could be recycled. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry