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Suitability of digoxin as a P‐glycoprotein probe: Implications of other transporters on sensitivity and specificity
Author(s) -
Nader Ahmed M.,
Foster David R.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1552-4604
pISSN - 0091-2700
DOI - 10.1002/jcph.200
Subject(s) - digoxin , p glycoprotein , transporter , pharmacology , medicine , atp binding cassette transporter , drug , chemistry , biochemistry , multiple drug resistance , heart failure , gene , antibiotics
The study of transporter‐mediated drug–drug interactions (DDI) requires use of appropriate probes to reflect transporter function. Digoxin is often used as a probe in DDI studies involving P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and is recommended by FDA for this purpose, despite several lingering questions regarding suitability of digoxin as P‐gp probe. This review aims to critically evaluate use of digoxin as a probe for P‐gp‐mediated clinical DDI studies, with focus on sensitivity and specificity of digoxin for P‐gp. Although previous reviews have evaluated digoxin transport by P‐gp, the purpose of the current review is to critically evaluate such literature in light of newly evolving literature suggesting digoxin transport by non‐P‐gp transporters.