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GDF‐15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme
Author(s) -
Hasanpour Segherlou Zahra,
NouriVaskeh Masoud,
Noroozi Guilandehi Sama,
Baghbanzadeh Amir,
Zand Ramin,
Baradaran Behzad,
Zarei Mohammad
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.30289
Subject(s) - pathogenesis , cancer , cancer research , mechanism (biology) , metastasis , glioblastoma , biology , gdf15 , growth differentiation factor , suppressor , growth factor , transforming growth factor , tumor progression , bioinformatics , gene , receptor , immunology , bone morphogenetic protein , genetics , endocrinology , philosophy , epistemology
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) belongs to transforming growth factor‐β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF‐15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF‐15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF‐15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF‐15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.