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The direct and indirect regulation of follicular T helper cell differentiation in inflammation and cancer
Author(s) -
Cao Yejin,
Dong Lin,
He Ying,
Hu Xuelian,
Hou Yueru,
Dong Yingjie,
Yang Qiuli,
Bi Yujing,
Liu Guangwei
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.30263
Subject(s) - cellular differentiation , biology , immunology , immune system , transcription factor , inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , cytokine , cell , genetics , gene
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells play important roles in facilitating B‐cell differentiation and inducing the antibody response in humoral immunity and immune‐associated inflammatory diseases, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. However, Tfh cell differentiation is mainly achieved through self‐directed differentiation regulation and the indirect regulation mechanism of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). During the direct intrinsic differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells into Tfh cells, Bcl‐6, as the characteristic transcription factor, plays the core role of transcriptional regulation. APCs indirectly drive Tfh cell differentiation mainly by changing cytokine secretion mechanisms. Altered metabolic signaling is also critically involved in Tfh cell differentiation. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the direct and indirect regulatory signals and metabolic mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation and function in immune‐associated diseases.