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Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID‐19: A clinically updated overview
Author(s) -
Esmaeilzadeh Abdolreza,
Elahi Reza
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.30076
Subject(s) - covid-19 , immunotherapy , virology , medicine , computational biology , immunology , biology , immune system , outbreak , infectious disease (medical specialty) , disease
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a new member of the coronavirus family that can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). COVID‐9 has become a global pandemic with severe health issues around the world. Identifying the accurate immunopathogenesis of the COVID‐19 and the immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 is necessary for the development of therapeutic approaches and rational drug design. This paper aims to overview the updated clinical data on the immunopathogenesis of the COVID‐19 and review the innate and adaptive immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2. Also, challenges of the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 leading to dysfunctional immune response and their contribution to the progression of the disease have been discussed. To achieve a more efficient immune response, multiple methods could be applied, including regulation of the immune response, augmentation of the immune system against the virus, inhibition of the dysfunctional immune checkpoints, and inhibition of the viral replication/infection. Based on the immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its dysfunction, we introduce potential immunotherapies as well as reviewing recruiting/completed clinical trials of COVID‐19.