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How is mechanobiology involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward the osteoblastic or adipogenic fate?
Author(s) -
Benayahu Dafna,
Wiesenfeld Yarden,
SapirKoren Rony
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.28099
Subject(s) - adipogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , mechanobiology , mesenchymal stem cell , extracellular matrix , cellular differentiation , transcription factor , stem cell , chemistry , cell , biology , bone marrow , immunology , biochemistry , gene
Mechanobiology plays a major role in transducing physical cues from the dynamic cellular environment into biochemical modifications that promote cell‐specific differentiation paths. Mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow or in other mesenchymal tissues will differentiate according to the expression of transcription factors (TFs) that govern their lineage commitment. The favoring of either osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation relies on TF expression as well as mechanical properties of the cells' niche that are translated into the activation of certain signaling pathways. Physical factors can induce significant shifts in bipotential lineage commitment between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding a cell, varying greatly from rigid environments close to the bone surface to softer regions in the bone marrow, can influence the path of differentiation. Additionally, mechanical loading through exercise appears to favor osteogenesis whereas disuse conditions seem to promote adipogenesis.