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Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity
Author(s) -
Yaribeygi Habib,
Atkin Stephen L.,
SimentalMendía Luis E.,
Sahebkar Amirhossein
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of cellular physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.529
H-Index - 174
eISSN - 1097-4652
pISSN - 0021-9541
DOI - 10.1002/jcp.28066
Subject(s) - insulin resistance , insulin , downregulation and upregulation , glycemic , insulin receptor , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , oxidative stress , endocrinology , metformin , medicine , signal transduction , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , gene
Abstract Insulin resistance is a key feature of Type 2 diabetes and an important therapeutic target to address glycemic control to prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle advice is the first step in the ADA/EASD consensus guidelines followed by metformin therapy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can increase insulin sensitivity by several molecular pathways including upregulation of insulin transporters in the cellular membrane of insulin‐dependent cells. In addition, AE improves insulin sensitivity by amelioration of the pathophysiologic pathways involved in insulin resistance such as the reduction of adipokines, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and improvement of insulin signal transduction via different molecular pathways. This review details the molecular pathways by which AE induces beneficial effects on insulin resistance